ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ РЕАКЦИИ РАСТЕНИЙ ОТ ВРЕМЕНИ ДРОП-ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ

Татьяна Геннадиевна Шибаева, Елена Георгиевна Шерудило, Александр Федорович Титов, Tatyana Shibaeva, Elena Sherudilo, Alexander Titov

Аннотация


Ежесуточные кратковременные понижения температуры (ДРОП-воздействия, от англ. drop – падение) в конце ночи или в начале дня применяются в растениеводстве с целью торможения роста растений для получения компактной рассады овощных и клумбовых растений, а также при выращивании цветочных растений, как альтернатива использованию ретардантов. В данной работе изучено влияние ДРОП-воздействий, осуществляемых в разное время суток, на рост, фотосинтетическую активность и холодоустойчивость растений. Растения огурца (Cucumis sativus L.) и томата (Solanum lycopersicum L.) выращивали в камере искусственного климата при температуре воздуха 23°С, фотосинтетически активной радиации (ФАР) 200 мкмоль/(м2·с), фотопериоде 12 ч. Начиная с 7-х (для огурца) или с 14-х (для томата) суток от момента замачивания семян растения в течение 6 сут подвергали 2-часовому воздействию температуры 10°С в начале, середине или в конце ночного периода, а также в начале, середине или в конце дневного периода. Показано, что ДРОП-воздействия эффективны в отношении торможения линейного роста растений независимо от времени их применения в суточном цикле. Оптимальное время для ДРОП-воздействий с целью получения компактных растений может не совпадать с периодами наибольшей скорости роста стебля, т.к. ДРОП-воздействия сами по себе способны модифицировать суточную ритмику роста растений. Наличие или отсутствие света в период ДРОП-воздействий оказывает намного более сильное влияние на ответную реакцию растений, чем суточная ритмика чувствительности растений к охлаждению. Полученные данные подтверждают наличие в реакций растений на ДРОП-воздействия хорошо выраженной видоспецифичности.


Ключевые слова


Cucumis sativus L.; Solanum lycopersicum L.; низкая температура; суточная динамика роста; холодоустойчивость.

Полный текст:

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Литература


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McMichael B. L., Hanny B. W. Endogenous levels of abscisic acid in water-stressed cotton leaves // Agronomy. 1977. Vol. 69. P. 979–982.

Moe R., Heins R. D. Control of plant morphogenesis and flowering by light quality and temperature // Acta Hort. 1990. Vol. 272. P. 81–90.

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Moe R., Mortensen L. M. Thermomorphogenesis in pot plants // Acta Hort. 1992. Vol. 305. P. 19–25. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.305.2

Mortensen L. M., Moe R. Effects of various day and night temperature treatments on the morphogenesis and growth of some greenhouse and bedding plant species // Acta Hort. 1992. Vol. 327. P. 77–86. doi:

17660/ActaHortic.1992.327.9

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1093/jxb/eri282

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Purvis A. C. Free proline in peel of grapefruit and resistance to chilling injury during cold storage // Hort. Sci. 1981. Vol. 16. P. 160–161.

Rietze E., Wiebe H.‑J. Diurnal rhythm of chilling sensitivity of cucumbers in light // Sci. Hortic. 1989. Vol. 38. P. 231–237. doi: 10.1016/0304-238(89)90070-8

Rikin A., Gitler C., Atsmon D. Chilling injury in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): light requirement for the reduction of injury and for the protective effect of abscisic acid // Plant Cell Physiol. 1981. Vol. 22. P. 453–460. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076187

Runkle E. Controlling height with temperature drops // Greenhouse Product News. 2009. April. P. 50.

Salveit M. E. Jr., Morris L. L. Overview on chilling injury of horticultural crops. In: CY Wang, ed., Chilling Injury of horticultural crops. FL; Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1990. P. 3–15.

Da Silva J. M., Arrabaça M. C. Contributions of soluble carbohydrates to the osmotic adjustment in the C4 grass Setaria sphacelata: a comparison between rapidly and slowly imposed water stress // J. Plant Physiol. 2004. Vol. 161. P. 551–555. doi: 10.1078/0176-1617-01109

Stavang J. A., Junttila O., Moe R., Olsen J. E. Differential temperature regulation of GA metabolism in light and darkness in pea // J. Exp. Bot. 2007. Vol. 58, no. 11. P. 3061–3069. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm163

Stewart J. M., Guinn G. Chilling injury and nucleotide changes in young cotton plants // Plant Physiol. 1971. Vol. 48. P. 166–170. doi: 10.1104/pp.48.2.166

Sweeny B. M. Rhythmic phenomena in plants. San Diego, USA: Academic Press, 1987. 172 p.

Sysoeva M. I., Markovskaya E. F., Kharkina T. G. Optimal temperature drop for the growth and development of young cucumber plants // Plant Growth Regul. 1997. Vol. 6. P. 1–5. doi: 10.1023/A:1005834702680

Sysoeva M. I., Markovskaya E. F., Kharkina T. G., Sherudilo E. G. Temperature drop, dry matter accumulation and cold resistance of young cucumber plants // Plant Growth Regul. 1999. Vol. 28. P. 89–94. doi:

1023/A:1006243230411

Sysoeva M. I., Patil G. G., Sherudilo E. G., Torre S., Markovskaya E. F., Moe R. Effect of temperature drop and photoperiod on cold resistance in young cucumber plants – involvement of phytochrome B // Plant Stress.

Vol. 2, no. 1. P. 84–88.

Tutty J. R., Hicklenton P. R., Kristie D. N., McRae K. B. The influence of photoperiod and temperature on the kinetics of stem elongation in Dendranthema grandiflorum // J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1994. Vol. 119. P. 138–143.

Ueber E., Hendriks L. Effects of intensity, duration and timing of a temperature drop on the growth and flowering of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch. // Acta Hort. 1992. Vol. 327. P. 33–40. doi: 10.17660/

ActaHortic.1992.327.4

Ueber E., Hendriks L. Intensity effects of a temperature drop on pelargoniums // Acta Hort. 1995. Vol. 378. P. 34. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.378.3

Vågen I. M., Moe R., Ronglan E. Diurnal temperature alternations (DIF/drop) affect chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio in Melissa officinalis L. and Ocimum basilicum L., but not in Viola x wittrockiana Gams. // Sci. Hortic. 2003. Vol. 97. P. 153–162. doi:

1016/S0304-4238(02)00141-3

Yelenosky G. Accumulation of free proline in citrus leaves during cold hardening of young trees in controlled temperature regimes // Plant Physiol. 1979. Vol. 64. P. 425–427. doi: 10.1104/pp.64.3.425

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Erwin J. E., Heins R. D. Thermomorphogenic responses in stem and leaf development. Hort. Sci. 1995. Vol. 30, no. 5. P. 940–949.

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Gertsson U. Influence of temperature on shoot elongation in young tomato plants. Acta Hortic. 1992. Vol. 327. P. 71–76. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.327.8

Grimstad S. O. The effect of a daily low temperature pulse on growth and development of greenhouse cucumber and tomato plants during propagation. Sci. Hort. 1993. Vol. 53. P. 53–62. doi: 10.1016/0304-4238(93)90137-F

Grimstad S. O. Low-temperature pulse affects growth and development of young cucumber and tomato plants. J. Hortic. Sci. 1995. Vol. 70, no. 1. P. 75–80. doi: 10.1080/14620316.1995.11515275

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Hetherington S. E., He J., Smillie R. M. Photoinhibition at low temperature in chilling-sensitive and -resistant plants. Plant Physiol. 1989. Vol. 90. P. 1609–1615. doi: 10.1104/pp.90.4

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King A. I., Joyce D. C., Reid M. Role of carbohydrates in diurnal chilling sensitivity of tomato seedlings. Plant Physiol. 1988. Vol. 86. P. 764–768.

King A. J., Reid M. S., Patterson B. D. Diurnal changes in the chilling sensitivity of seedlings. Plant Physiol. 1982. Vol. 70. P. 211–214. doi: 10.1104/pp.70.1.211

Lecharny A., Schwall M., Wagner E. Stem extension rate in light-grown plants. Plant Physiol. 1985. Vol. 79. P. 625–629.

Lyons J. M. Chilling injury in plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 1973. Vol. 24. P. 445–466. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pp.24.060173.002305

Maxwell K., Johnson G. N. Chlorophyll fluorescence – a practical guide. J. Exp. Bot. 2000. Vol. 51, no. 345. P. 659–668. doi: 10.1093/jexbot/51.345.659

McMichael B. L., Hanny B. W. Endogenous levels of abscisic acid in water-stressed cotton leaves. Agronomy. 1977. Vol. 69. P. 979–982.

Moe R., Heins R. D. Control of plant morphogenesis and flowering by light quality and temperature. Acta Hort. 1990. Vol. 272. P. 81–90.

Moe R., Gromsrud N., Bratberg I., Valsø S. Control of plant height in poinsettia by temperature drop and graphical tracking. Acta Hortic. 1992. Vol. 327. P. 41–48. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.327.5

Moe R., Mortensen L. M. Thermomorphogenesis in pot plants. Acta Hort. 1992. Vol. 305. P. 19–25. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.305.2

Mortensen L. M., Moe R. Effects of various day and night temperature treatments on the morphogenesis and growth of some greenhouse and bedding plant species. Acta Hort. 1992. Vol. 327. P. 77–86. doi:

17660/ActaHortic.1992.327.9

Myster J., Moe R. Effect of diurnal temperature alternation on plant morphology in some greenhouse crops – a mini review. Sci. Hort. 1995. Vol. 62, iss. 4. P. 205–215. doi: 10.1016/0304-4238(95)00783-P

Nováková M., Motyka V., Dobrev P. I., Malbeck J., Gaudinova A., Vankova R. Diurnal variation of cytokinin, auxin and abscisic acid level in tobacco leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 2005. Vol. 56, no. 421. P. 2877–2883. doi:

1093/jxb/eri282

Pantin F., Simonneau T., Rolland G., Dauzat M., Muller B. Control of leaf expansion: a development switch from metabolic to hydraulics. Plant Physiol. 2011. Vol. 156, no. 2. P. 803–815. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.176289

Purvis A. C. Free proline in peel of grapefruit and resistance to chilling injury during cold storage. Hort. Sci. 1981. Vol. 16. P. 160–161.

Rietze E., Wiebe H.‑J. Diurnal rhythm of chilling sensitivity of cucumbers in light. Sci. Hortic. 1989. Vol. 38. P. 231–237. doi: 10.1016/0304-4238(89)90070-8

Rikin A., Gitler C., Atsmon D. Chilling injury in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): light requirement for the reduction of injury and for the protective effect of abscisic acid. Plant Cell Physiol. 1981. Vol. 22. P. 453–460. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076187

Runkle E. Controlling height with temperature drops. Greenhouse Product News. 2009. April. P. 50.

Salveit M. E. Jr., Morris L. L. Overview on chilling injury of horticultural crops. CY Wang, ed., Chilling Injury of horticultural crops. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1990. P. 3–15.

Da Silva J. M., Arrabaça M. C. Contributions of soluble carbohydrates to the osmotic adjustment in the C4 grass Setaria sphacelata: a comparison between rapidly and slowly imposed water stress. J. Plant Physiol. 2004.

Vol. 161. P. 551–555. doi: 10.1078/0176-1617-01109

Stavang J. A., Junttila O., Moe R., Olsen J. E. Differential temperature regulation of GA metabolism in lighta nd darkness in pea. J. Exp. Bot. 2007. Vol. 58, no. 11. P. 3061–3069. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm163

Stewart J. M., Guinn G. Chilling injury and nucleotide changes in young cotton plants. Plant Physiol. 1971. Vol. 48. P. 166–170. doi: 10.1104/pp.48.2.166

Sweeny B. M. Rhythmic phenomena in plants. San Diego, USA: Academic Press, 1987. 172 p.

Sysoeva M. I., Markovskaya E. F., Kharkina T. G. Optimal temperature drop for the growth and development of young cucumber plants. Plant Growth Regul. 1997. Vol. 6. P. 1–5. doi: 10.1023/A:1005834702680

Sysoeva M. I., Markovskaya E. F., Kharkina T. G., Sherudilo E. G. Temperature drop, dry matter accumulation and cold resistance of young cucumber plants. Plant Growth Regul. 1999. Vol. 28. P. 89–94. doi:

1023/A:1006243230411

Sysoeva M. I., Patil G. G., Sherudilo E. G., Torre S., Markovskaya E. F., Moe R. Effect of temperature drop and photoperiod on cold resistance in young cucumber plants – involvement of phytochrome B. Plant Stress.

Vol. 2, no. 1. P. 84–88.

Tutty J. R., Hicklenton P. R., Kristie D. N., McRae K. B. The influence of photoperiod and temperature on the kinetics of stem elongation in Dendranthema grandiflorum. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1994. Vol. 119. P. 138–143.

Ueber E., Hendriks L. Effects of intensity, duration and timing of a temperature drop on the growth and flowering of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch. Acta Hort. 1992. Vol. 327. P. 33–40. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.327.4

Ueber E., Hendriks L. Intensity effects of a temperature drop on pelargoniums. Acta Hort. 1995. Vol. 378. P. 34. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.378.3

Vågen I. M., Moe R., Ronglan E. Diurnal temperature alternations (DIF/drop) affect chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio in Melissa officinalis L. and Ocimum basilicum L., but not in Viola x wittrockiana Gams. Sci. Hortic. 2003. Vol. 97. P. 153–162. doi:

1016/S0304-4238(02)00141-3

Yelenosky G. Accumulation of free proline in citrus leaves during cold hardening of young trees in controlled temperature regimes. Plant Physiol. 1979. Vol. 64. P. 425–427. doi: 10.1104/pp.64.3.425




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