В обзорной статье представлены собственные и литературные данные о влиянии на растения ежесуточных понижений температуры (ДРОП-воздействий, от англ. drop – падение) разной интенсивности и продолжительности. Их анализ показывает, что влияние ДРОП-воздействий на морфологические и физиолого-биохимические показатели теплолюбивых и холодостойких растений в значительной степени зависит от нижнего значения температуры, используемой для ДРОП. Морфогенетический эффект ДРОП-воздействий, фиксируемый по линейным ростовым показателям, усиливается с понижением температуры, используемой для ДРОП, в то время как реакция растений, оцениваемая по другим физиолого-биохимическим параметрам (накопление биомассы, содержание хлорофилла, фотосинтетическая активность, показатели водного режима, холодоустойчивость), в большей степени зависит от того, опускается ли температура ниже критического уровня, что ведет к развитию стресс-реакции. Кроме того, при ДРОП-воздействиях ответная реакция растения в бóльшей степени зависит от абсолютного значения, до которого понижается температура, и продолжительности холодового воздействия, чем от градиента температур, так как именно это определяет запуск комплекса изменений, характерных для стресс-реакции. Продолжительность ДРОП-воздействий становится более важным фактором при снижении температуры до значений, выходящих за пределы оптимума для определенного процесса/показателя. При этом зоны температурного оптимума для разных процессов/показателей (например, рост растений в высоту и время до начала цветения) могут существенно различаться, что определяет как характер, так и эффективность влияния ДРОП-воздействий с определенными параметрами на те или иные процессы/показатели. В большинстве случаев различия в реакции растений на ДРОП-воздействия разной продолжительности не определяются обычной зависимостью «доза-эффект», так как помимо продолжительности большую роль при этом играет характер температурного воздействия (однократное длительное или непродолжительное ежесуточно повторяющееся). Наконец, эффективность применения ДРОП-воздействий в практических целях в растениеводстве и цветоводстве зависит еще и от видовой (сортовой) принадлежности растений (биологических особенностей вида и сорта) и это предполагает проведение специальных исследований, направленных на выявление оптимальных параметров ДРОП-воздействий применительно к конкретному объекту.

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