ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ БЕЛКИ СЕМЕЙСТВА SLC22. МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ, СТРОЕНИЕ, ФУНКЦИЯ, УЧАСТИЕ В ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ СИСТЕМЫ БИОТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ КСЕНОБИОТИКОВ У ЖИВОТНЫХ

Лев Павлович Смирнов, Ирина Викторовна Суховская, Екатерина Витальевна Борвинская, Lev Smirnov, Irina Sukhovskaya, Ekaterina Borvinskaya

Аннотация


Подсемейство транспортеров органических анионов (ОАТ), которое составляет примерно половину белков семейства SLC22, входящего в состав суперсемейства MFS транспортеров, привлекает большое внимание исследователей в связи с активным участием ОАТ в обмене эндогенных метаболитов, различных лекарственных средств, токсинов, молекул пищевого происхождения. ОАТ экспрессируются во многих органах, включая почки, печень, обонятельную слизистую, мозг, сетчатку глаза и плаценту. В настоящее время известно 10 ОАТ, из которых у человека найдено семь, а у грызунов восемь. ОАТ можно рассматривать как часть эволюционно консервативной системы, защищающей высшие организмы от потенциально токсичных соединений, появляющихся в окружающей среде. Полипептидная цепь ОАТ состоит из 536-556 аминокислотных остатков. Характерной особенностью вторичной структуры молекулы является наличие 12 трансмембранных спиралей, внутриклеточная локализация N и С-концевых участков молекулы, большая внеклеточная петля между1 и 2 доменами и большая внутриклеточная петля, связывающая 6 и 7 домены.  Ядерные рецепторы, такие как Hnf4α и Hnf1α, регулируют экспрессию ОАТ во взаимосвязи с ферментами фаз I и II биотрансформации (DME). Взаимосвязь между ОАТ и DME в тканях играет существенную роль с точки зрения образования и инактивации ключевых метаболитов, сигнальных молекул, разного рода токсинов. Согласно гипотезе дистанционного опознавания и сигнализации (Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis) ОАТ участвуют в дистанционной межорганной коммуникации путем регуляции уровней сигнальных молекул и ключевых метаболитов в тканях и жидкостях. ОАТ также могут играть определенную роль в коммуникации между организмами путем транспорта небольших молекул через кишечник, плаценту, в грудное молоко и летучих молекул, обладающих сигнальными свойствами, через мочу.


Ключевые слова


ОАТ; переносчики органических анионов; филогения; биотрансформация ксенобиотиков

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Литература


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References in English

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